Pathology Student
fountain of youth 1

How to live forever

on October 9, 2009

One of the reasons our cells die is because they are inherently programmed to have only 60 to 70 doublings. That’s it. After that, they die. Why is that?

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p53 and other genes commonly mutated in cancer cells

on October 8, 2009

Yesterday we talked about how cancer is caused by non-lethal genetic mutation. We mentioned the six particularly nasty features that cancer cells acquire when they undergo genetic mutation: autonomous growth, insensitivity to growth inhibitory signals, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replication, sustained angiogenesis, and invasion/metastasis. And we talked about the four types of genes that commonly get [...]

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What causes cancer?

on October 7, 2009

There are different ways to answer this important and difficult question. If the underlying question is “What are the agents that can cause cancer?” then the short answer is: 1) chemical substances, 2) infectious agents, and 3) radiation. If the underlying question is “What are the molecular mechanisms that change a cell from a benign [...]

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cat launchpad

How to heal a cat scratch

on September 18, 2009

  Here’s a general pathology concept that is important not only for boards but for real life: wound healing.

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blood-drop

Why is the hemoglobin normal right after a big blood loss?

on May 20, 2009

Q. Immediately after an acute episode of blood loss – following a motor vehicle accident, for example – the hemoglobin level is normal. Why is that?

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normal marrow

What does normal bone marrow look like?

on May 19, 2009

There are several things you should look for when evaluating a bone marrow biopsy specimen – see if you can see them in the image above.

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normal-blood1

What do normal red blood cells look like?

on May 7, 2009

Before you can really appreciate pathologic changes in red cells, you need to know what normal red cells look like.  Here is a normal blood smear image, taken at high power.

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  • Kristine Krafts, M.D.
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    University of Minnesota School of Medicine
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